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MIT 6.7960 L18: Transfer Learning — Pretraining, Feature Extraction, and Fine-Tuning Strategies

Transfer learning's core insight is 'features learned on big data are good general-purpose representations': freeze the backbone and train only a linear head when downstream data is tiny; full fine-tune when data is plentiful; reach for LoRA / adapter when compute is tight. SimCLR and MAE removed the need for upstream labels and pushed downstream quality another notch.

CS224N Lecture 7: Pretraining, Subwords, and In-Context Learning

Lecture 7 decomposes pretraining into scalable data, subword tokenization, three model objectives, and in-context learning. A general self-supervised objective yields reusable representations; downstream signals specify their use.