DQN — the Deadly Triad, Experience Replay, and Fixed Q-Targets | Stanford CS234 Topic Guide
Q-learning converges with a table but can diverge once you add function approximation. CS234 blames the deadly triad: bootstrapping, function approximation, and off-policy learning all at once. DQN holds things together with two tricks. Experience replay breaks the correlation between consecutive samples, and fixed Q-targets keep the target still for C steps. In the Atari ablation table the slides show, Breakout goes from 3 with a linear model and 3 with a plain deep network to 317 with both tricks; replay alone reaches 241.