Synthesis 1: Tracing how seven weeks form a deliberate knowledge arc from symbolic search to language models, revealing the design philosophy from classical AI to modern ML.
CS221 lays AI out along one axis, and reflex models — deep learning — sit in the lowest slot, with states, variables and logic above them. When Percy Liang took over in Autumn 2025 he replaced the slides with runnable Python and wrote 'Cut constraint satisfaction problems :(' into the source of the first lecture — yet ExploreCourses and Stanford Online both still advertise constraint satisfaction as a course topic. The project has gone from 20% of the grade in 2019 to extra credit only.