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用英文和朋友聊求職近況:六個讓句子卡住的地方

2026年10月7日1 分鐘
TL;DR對方聽得懂,但同樣的六個地方一直重複:問「到目前為止有沒有」用 Have you + 過去分詞;apply to 公司、apply for 職缺;interview 後面直接接人是你在面試別人;other 後面接複數名詞、others 單獨用;because 接句子、because of 接名詞;形容詞前面要有 be,句子要有主詞。

🌏 English version

和也在找工作的朋友用英文傳訊息,聊面試進度、大公司和新創的差別、朋友在外商的工作狀況。整段聊得下去,對方也都懂,但回頭看自己打的句子,同樣的地方一直重複出錯。

這篇把那段對話裡我自己的句子整理成六種修正。重點不放在逐句改錯,而是找出「同一個原因」造成的一整批句子,這樣下次開口時只要記六件事。對話內容已經改寫成一般情境,不含對方的訊息。

我當時想說什麼

對象是朋友,語氣輕鬆,用訊息聊。想做的事有四種:

  • 問對方到目前為止的進度:有沒有找到、有沒有投、有沒有試過
  • 講自己最近的經驗:面試了幾家、上週去了哪裡
  • 轉述第三個人說的話:朋友說、HR 說
  • 解釋原因和猜測:因為資安、可能只是想壓低條件

在這個情境可以怎麼說

一、問「到目前為止有沒有」:Have you + 過去分詞

我原本一路用 Do you 開頭:

我原本打的這個情境可用的說法
Do you find any company…?Have you found any companies where people work in English?
Do you apply big company…?Have you applied to any big companies?
Do you try …?Have you tried …?

Cambridge 的說明是:present perfect 用來談到目前為止的經驗,發生的時間點不重要,例句有 Have you ever tried to write your name and address with your left hand?(Present perfect simple)。問朋友求職進度正是這種「到現在為止」的問法。

有明確的過去時間就換成過去式。Cambridge 寫 past simple 用在指明時間的過去,例如 yesterday、two weeks ago、last year(Past simple or present perfect?)。所以「上週去參觀」是 I visited the office last week,不用現在式 I visit。

上面三句是依這個句型改寫的,不是 Cambridge 原句。

二、apply 和 interview 後面接什麼

apply:Cambridge 字典列出 apply for 接想要的東西(I've applied for a new job with the local newspaper),apply to sb/sth 接對象(We've applied to a charitable organization for a grant)(apply)。所以:

  • 投某家公司:apply to a company
  • 應徵某個職缺:apply for a job

字典另一個例句 She's applied for a job with an insurance company 把兩者合在一起:職缺用 for,公司用 with。

我原本寫的 apply big company、applied startup 都少了介系詞。

interview:動詞有兩個方向。一個是「問別人問題」:we only plan to interview about 20 of them。另一個是「去面試」:I interviewed for several jobs but I didn't get any of them(interview)。

我原本寫 after interviewing many company。interview 後面直接接受詞,讀起來是「我去訪問了很多公司」。要表達自己是求職者,可以說:

  • I've interviewed for several jobs.
  • I've interviewed for jobs with several companies.(字典商用英語例句是 He interviewed for a number of jobs with banks and telephone companies)
  • I've had interviews with several companies.(依字典名詞例句 an interview for a job with a publisher 改寫)

三、other、others、複數與冠詞

我原本打的這個情境可用的說法
Others company is…Other companies are…
two companytwo companies
some colleague based abroadsome colleagues are based abroad
This is new eraThis is a new era
a ex colleaguean ex-colleague

Cambridge 的規則很直接:other 當限定詞時沒有複數形,後面接複數名詞(The other girls went home,不是 The others girls);others 是代名詞,單獨使用(others disagree)(Other, others, the other or another?)。

所以「其他公司」是 other companies,如果前面已經提過公司,也可以只說 others。

冠詞的部分,Cambridge 說明 a/an 用在聽的人還不知道的事物,只搭配單數可數名詞,母音開頭的發音前用 an(A/an and the)。ex 是母音開頭,所以是 an ex-colleague。

中文沒有複數和冠詞,這一類最容易在打字快的時候漏掉。

四、because 接句子,because of 接名詞

我原本寫 because of no one knows 和 because of security issue。

Cambridge:because 是連接詞,後面接完整子句;because of 是介系詞,意思是「由於」,後面接名詞(Because of the rain, the tennis match was stopped)(Because, because of)。

  • …because no one knows who owns it.(後面是句子)
  • …because of security concerns.(後面是名詞)

同一個原因兩種寫法都可以,差別只在後面放什麼。

五、形容詞前要有 be,句子要有主詞

我原本打的這個情境可用的說法
Do you familiar with LeetCode?Are you familiar with LeetCode?
maybe just want lowball meThey might just be lowballing the offer.
maybe not goodIt might not be a good one.

familiar 是形容詞,Cambridge 列的片語是 be familiar with something/someone,例句 I'm not familiar with your poetry(familiar)。所以問句用 Are you,不是 Do you。

中文可以直接說「可能只是想壓低」,英文需要主詞 they。表達不確定的猜測,Cambridge 說 might 最常用來指較弱的可能性(Might)。

lowball 在 Cambridge 標為美式、非正式,意思是把價格或水準算得不合理地低,例句有 prompted would-be buyers to lowball their offers(lowball)。Cambridge 例句的受詞是 offer、estimate 這類東西。Merriam-Webster 另外列出接人的用法,定義是 to give (a customer) a deceptively low price or cost estimate,例句 lowballed him in contract negotiations(lowball)。所以 lowballing the offer 和我原本想說的 lowballing me 都有字典依據,我原句真正缺的是主詞和動詞形式。

六、轉述別人的話:動詞跟著主詞變

我原本打的這個情境可用的說法
he say it depends on project you getHe says it depends on the project you get.
HR just want to check…HR just wanted to check…
IT only use…IT only uses…
he always eating on google officeHe always eats at the office.

Cambridge:present simple 用原形動詞,第三人稱單數加 -s;have、go、do、be 是不規則的(Present simple)。he say 要改成 he says,習慣性的事(總是在公司吃)也用 present simple:he always eats。

地點的部分,Cambridge 寫 at 用在把公司、工作場所當成活動地點的時候,例句 How many people are working at Microsoft?(At, on and in (place))。所以是 at the office、a former colleague at that company。

「同事在國外」可以用 based。Cambridge 的例句是 The company is based in Toronto、Where are you based?(based);based abroad 是依這個用法改寫。

也可以這樣說嗎

英文對誰/做什麼時用是否仍是同一個意思
Have you applied to any big companies?問朋友有沒有投大公司主要說法
Have you applied for any jobs at big companies?同樣情境,重點放在職缺是,只是把受詞換成職缺
Did you apply to any big companies last month?問某段已經結束的時間不同:限定在上個月
I've interviewed for several jobs.講自己去面試主要說法
I've interviewed several candidates.你是面試官不同:角色反過來
Other companies are still doing things the old way.講別家公司主要說法
Others are still doing things the old way.前面已經提過公司是,但要有前文
…because of security concerns.原因是一個名詞主要說法
…because they're worried about security.原因是一個句子是
They might just be lowballing the offer.重點在 offer 的金額主要說法
They might just be lowballing me.重點在被壓價的人是我是,受詞從金額換成人

一個用字提醒:sugar daddy

我開玩笑說新創最好有個 sugar daddy。Cambridge 的定義是:有錢、通常年紀較大的男性,送禮或給錢給較年輕的人,通常是為了對方的陪伴和性關係(sugar daddy)。朋友之間聽得懂是玩笑,但這個詞的本義帶有性關係,在面試或和不熟的同事聊天時,直接說 a startup with a lot of funding 比較安全。這句是我自己用一般字詞寫的,沒有另外查來源。

換內容再說一次

先看中文,自己說一次,再看參考說法。

  1. 你有找到可以遠端工作的公司嗎?
    • Have you found any companies that allow remote work?
  2. 你有投新創嗎?
    • Have you applied to any startups?
  3. 我面試了三個後端職缺。
    • I've interviewed for three backend jobs.
  4. 其他團隊還沒開始用。
    • Other teams haven't started using it yet.
  5. 會議取消了,因為颱風。
    • The meeting was canceled because of the typhoon.
  6. 你熟這個框架嗎?
    • Are you familiar with this framework?

一段短對話

以下是自己寫的練習示例,不是真實對話。

A: Have you applied to any big companies?

B: A few. I've interviewed for three jobs so far. How about you?

A: I got one offer, but they might just be lowballing it.

B: Are other companies still deciding?

A: Yeah, two are still in the approval process.

B: A friend of mine works at one of them. He says it depends on the team you get.

不看英文,你會怎麼說

自評的標準是能不能把意思說出來,不是字有沒有完全一樣。

中文情境參考說法提醒
問朋友:你有找到用英文工作的公司嗎?Have you found any companies where people work in English?問到目前為止,用 Have you
問朋友:你有投大公司嗎?Have you applied to any big companies?apply to 公司
告訴朋友:我上週去參觀了朋友在東京的辦公室。I visited my friend's office in Tokyo last week.有 last week,用過去式
告訴朋友:我面試了好幾個職缺。I've interviewed for several jobs.interview for,不直接接公司
評論:其他公司還在用舊方法做事。Other companies are still doing things the old way.other + 複數名詞
解釋:他們只用一種工具,因為有資安顧慮。They only use one tool because of security concerns.because of + 名詞
問朋友:你熟 LeetCode 嗎?Are you familiar with LeetCode?be familiar with
猜測:他們可能只是想壓低 offer。They might just be lowballing the offer.要有主詞 they
告訴朋友:我有個前同事在那家公司。I have a former colleague at that company.at + 公司
轉述:他說要看你分到哪個專案。He says it depends on the project you get.says、depends 都加 -s
轉述:她說有些同事在國外。She said some colleagues are based abroad.colleagues 複數,加 are
問朋友:你有用英文面試過嗎?Have you had a job interview in English?語言前面用 in
說明:HR 只是想確認我能不能用英文對話。HR just wanted to check whether I could hold a conversation in English.hold a conversation
告訴朋友:面試總共有五輪。There were five rounds of interviews.rounds 複數
轉述:他說沒上的話,隔年再投一次。He says if he doesn't get in, he reapplies the next year.reapply=再應徵一次
提議:我可以幫你問他一些建議。I can ask him for some advice.ask 人 for 東西

補查到的五個說法

對話裡還有幾句當時只能猜,後來補查到依據:

想說的意思這個情境可用的說法依據
用英文面試I had a job interview in English.British Council 的教材標題與提問都用 a job interview in English(How to prepare for a job interview in English);Cambridge 的 in 也有 They spoke in Russian the whole time(in)
確認我能不能用英文對話HR wanted to check whether I could hold a conversation in English.Cambridge 列出 hold/carry on a conversation(conversation)
面試有五輪There were five rounds of interviews.Cambridge 的 round 有 another round of talks、a round of meetings(round);套用到面試是改寫
沒上就明年再投一次If he doesn't get in, he reapplies the next year.Cambridge 的 reapply 例句 he will not be reapplying for the job(reapply)
我可以幫你問他I can ask him for some advice.Cambridge 的句型 ask someone for something,例句 ask your accountant for some financial advice(ask)

British Council 那一頁同時給了情境層的依據:它直接問學習者 Have you had a job interview in English?,正是第一節的 Have you 句型用在求職話題上。

仍待核對

這些還沒找到合適來源,先不放進練習:

  • 「薪資制度不同」:Cambridge 例句裡出現過 pay system、base salary、starting salary,但還沒有比較 pay structure 與 salary structure 的依據
  • 「他在韌體團隊」用 on the team 還是 in the team
  • 哪一種說法比較常用:這需要語料庫查詢,這次沒有做

整體來說

六項裡面,前兩項(Have you、apply/interview 的介系詞)影響意思最多,值得優先練。後四項對方多半猜得到,但修好之後句子會順很多。這次的修正大多只查到「字義與句型」這一層,來源是學習字典與文法書;只有「用英文面試」一句有 British Council 教材的情境示範。沒有母語者測試,也沒有頻率比較,所以文中只寫「這個情境可用」,不寫「最自然」。

參考資料